Everything about Victor Emmanuel I Of Savoy totally explained
Victor Emmanuel I (
July 24,
1759 –
January 10,
1824) was the Duke of
Savoy,
Piedmont, and
Aosta, and King of
Sardinia from 1802 to 1821.
He was the second son of King
Victor Amadeus III of Sardinia and
Maria Antonietta of Spain (1729-1785), daughter of King
Philip V and
Elizabeth Farnese.
Victor Emmanuel was known from birth as the Duke of Aosta.
From 1792 to 1796, Aosta's father had taken an active part in the struggle of the old powers against the
French Revolutionary forces, but were defeated and forced to make peace in 1796. The old king died shortly thereafter, and his eldest son and successor,
Charles Emmanuel IV was faced in December 1798 with a French occupation and, eventually, annexation, of his mainland territories. Charles Emmanuel and his family were forced to withdraw to
Sardinia, which was the only part of his domains not conquered by the French. Charles Emmanuel himself took little interest in the rule of Sardinia, living with his wife on the mainland in
Naples and
Rome until his wife's death in 1802, which led the childless Charles Emmanuel to abdicate the throne in favor of his younger brother. Aosta took the throne on
June 4,
1802 as Victor Emmanuel I. He ruled Sardinia from
Cagliari for the next twelve years, during which time he constituted the
Carabinieri élite corps, still existing as one of the main branches of Italian Army.
Victor Emmanuel could return to
Turin only in 1814, his realm reconstituted by the
Congress of Vienna with the addition of the territories of the former
Republic of Genoa. The latter became the seat of the Sardinian Navy. Victor Emmanuel abolished all the freedoms granted by the Napoleonic Codices and restored a fiercely oppressive rule: he refused any concession of a
constitution, entrusted the instruction to the Church and reintroduced the persecutions against
Jews and
Waldensians.
After the death of his brother in 1819, he also became the
Jacobite pretender to the British thrones (as Victor I), although he, like his brother, didn't make any public claims to this effect. When Victor Emmanuel died,
Lord Liverpool, the
Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, wrote to his ministerial colleague
George Canning that there should be public mourning in Britain, as a significant number of Britons had regarded Victor Emmanuel as their rightful king.
After the outbreak of the liberal revolution in his lands in 1821, he
abdicated in favor of his brother,
Charles Felix. Victor Emmanuel died in the
Castle of Moncalieri. He is buried in the
Basilica of Superga.
Family and children
On
April 21,
1789, he married
Archduchess Maria Teresa of Austria-Este (1773-1832), daughter of
Ferdinand, Duke of Modena (who was the son of
Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor).
They had six daughters and one son who died very young:
- Maria Beatrice Victoria (1792–1840), married Francis IV, Archduke of Austria and Duke of Modena
- Maria Adelaide (1794-1795)
- Charles Emmanuel (1796-1799) died of smallpox.
- A daughter (1800-1801)
- Maria Anna (1803–1884), married Ferdinand I of Austria
- Maria Teresa (1803-1879), married Charles II, Duke of Parma (1799-1883)
- Maria Christina of Savoy (1812–1836), married Ferdinand II of the Two Sicilies
Ancestors
Further Information
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